The SAT subject test for Latin consists of various sections of increasing difficulty. The first couple parts are super easy (questions like "What is the accusative singular of casus?" Then I think there's some etymology questions. The last two or three parts are reading comprehension and they are a significant jump up in difficulty from the previous sections.
I know one of last year's passages, because a friend of mine asked me about it immediately after the exam while my memory was still fresh, so I was able to make a document with the passage. I'll post it here.
Cum Phōciōn saepe exercitibus praefuisset summōsque magistrātūs cēpisset, tamen multō ēius nōtior erat integritās vītae quam reī mīlitāris labor. Itaque cognōmine Bonus est appellātus. Fuit enim perpetuō pauper, cum dīvitissimus esse posset propter honōrēs potestātēsque summās, quae eī ā populō dabantur. Hic cum ā rēge Philippō mūnera magnae pecūniae repudiāret lēgātīque hortārentur accipere simulque admonērent, sī ipse hīs facile carēret, līberīs tamen suīs prōspiceret, ille 'Sī mihī similēs erunt' inquit 'agellus illōs alet; sī dissimilēs sunt futūrī, nōlō meīs impēnsīs alī illōrum augērīque luxuriam.'
Some words were glossed, such as agellus.
The questions for the reading comprehension passages were very similar to those asked on the AP Latin exam, i.e. some grammar questions (case uses, types of clauses, antecedents of relative clauses, etc.), some comprehension. I believe the poetry passage may have asked a scansion question.