I'm really struggling with the rest:Here's a bit of V's A:
O sate gente deum, Troianam ex hostibus urbem
qui revehis nobis aeternaque Pergama servas,
exspectate solo Laurenti arvisque Latinis,
hic tibi certa domus, certi (ne absiste) penates.
neu belli terrere minis; tumor omnis et irae 40
concessere deum.
iamque tibi, ne vana putes haec fingere somnum,
litoreis ingens inventa sub ilicibus sus
triginta capitum fetus enixa iacebit,
alba solo recubans, albi circum ubera nati.
5. What kind of 'dative' would you say this 'tibi' is?
6. What kind of 'genitive' is 'capitum'? Parse 'enixa' (what does it modify?)
7. What case is 'solo', and why?
solo is a bit of nastiness. It is tempting to call it 'ablative', since it is the place 'on which' the sow is 'reclining' ('ablative of place where/locative ablative'), but often times a 'compound verb' (one with a preverbative/prefix like 're-, de-, super-' etc.) simply takes a 'dative' by itself. Of course, the morphology alone doesn't tell us which, because by the time of Classical Latin, the o-stem ablative no longer ends in a dental sound.
So would I.I would consider it to be an ablative as well.
So would I.
I wouldn't call capitum a partitive genitive.
Maybe. Or "genitive of description"? I'm not sure what the proper term is. In any case the fetus aren't only part of the capita, that's why I wouldn't call capitum partitive. Rather, capitum is sort of a description of fetus.What would you call it? explicativus?
Maybe. Or "genitive of description"? I'm not sure what the proper term is.
Thank you for the explanation!I don't really know why I went after 'tibi', but I like your answer! I suppose it could also technically be 'dative of agent' w a participle, but there's no reason to think it is. Also, point of interest: the second 'i' in tibi, while historically long, may also be short by 'iambic shortening'.
You're looking good so far.
solo is a bit of nastiness. It is tempting to call it 'ablative', since it is the place 'on which' the sow is 'reclining' ('ablative of place where/locative ablative'), but often times a 'compound verb' (one with a preverbative/prefix like 're-, de-, super-' etc.) simply takes a 'dative' by itself. Of course, the morphology alone doesn't tell us which, because by the time of Classical Latin, the o-stem ablative no longer ends in a dental sound.
Ah, that makes much more sense. If I understand correctly, the translation would be 'the sow having delivered a litter of thirty young'.Maybe. Or "genitive of description"? I'm not sure what the proper term is. In any case the fetus aren't only part of the capita, that's why I wouldn't call capitum partitive. Rather, capitum is sort of a description of fetus.
Thank you for the cool exercise! I'll attempt it first thing tomorrow morning when my mind is fresh.Here's another kind of exercise.
Complete this excerpt from Cicero's Pro Roscio Amerino by choosing the correct option in each of the parentheses. Don't look it up, of course, as that would defeat the purpose of the exercise.
[1] Credo ego (vobis/vestrum/vos), iudices, mirari, quid sit, quod, cum tot summi oratores hominesque nobilissimi (sedere/sedeant/sedebunt), ego potissimum (surrexissem/surrexisse/surrexerim), is, qui neque (aetate/aetatis/aetatem) neque (ingenio/ingeni/ingenium) neque (auctoritate/auctoritatis/auctoritatem) sim cum his, qui sedeant, comparandus. Omnes hi, (qui/quibus/quos) videtis adesse (in/propter/quod) hac causa, iniuriam novo scelere (conflare/conflatam/conflo) putant oportere defendi, (defendunt/defendant/defendere) ipsi propter iniquitatem temporum non audent. Ita fit, (ut/quod/quales) adsint propterea, quod officium sequuntur, taceant autem (idcirco/ut/quamquam), quia periculum vitant. [2] Quid ergo? Audacissimus ego (omnibus/omnis/ex omnibus)? Minime. An (tanto/tantum/tanti) officiosior quam ceteri? Ne (istius/iste/istud) quidem laudis ita sum cupidus, ut aliis eam praereptam (velim/volo/voluissem). Quae me igitur res praeter ceteros (impulerit/impellet/impulit), ut (causa/causam/causae) Sex. Rosci reciperem? Quia, si qui istorum dixisset, (qui/quorum/quos) videtis adesse, in quibus summa auctoritas est atque amplitudo, si verbum de re publica fecisset, id, quod in hac causa (fit/fieri/fiet) necesse est, multo plura dixisse, quam (dixisset/dixerit/diceret), putaretur. [3] Ego autem si (omnes/omnia/omnem), quae dicenda sunt, libere dixero, nequaquam tamen similiter oratio mea exire atque in volgus emanare poterit. Deinde quod ceterorum neque dictum (obscurum/obscuros/obscuri) potest esse (prae/propter/ex) nobilitatem et amplitudinem neque temere dicto concedi (prae/propter/ex) aetatem et prudentiam. Ego si (quem/quid/autem) liberius dixero, vel occultum esse (minime/propterea/neque), quod nondum ad rem publicam accessi, vel (ignoscere/ignosci/ignoscant) adulescentiae meae poterit; tametsi non modo (ignoscere/ignotae/ignoscendi) ratio verum etiam (cognoscere/cognitae/cognoscendi) consuetudo iam de civitate sublata est.
Great idea! I'll definitely go through some of the exercises there.https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-latin/exam
The AP Latin exam asks about Vergil and Caesar. You can see the free-response questions for 2019 and previous years, if you want to practice doing the Vergil questions. They're pretty easy compared to what Hemo asked, though.
Incidentally, the 2018 multiple choice questions contained a passage from a Cicero speech, but the multiple choice questions are not available on the internet :/
Ah, that makes much more sense. If I understand correctly, the translation would be 'the sow having delivered a litter of thirty young'.
Hm ... that sounds better than how I understood it.I sort of leapt at 'partitive' because of the numeral, but here it's functioning quite regularly as an indeclinable adjective. I take fetus rather as a 'poetic plural' (which I don't think is farfetched given the 'collective' nature of the noun), as in 'a brood of thirty head(s)'. A 'genitive of description' sounds good to me.