Liber I Caput III

bedtime

Active Member

Here is the third chapter. I have omitted the usual formatting with italics and bold, which helped to improve the reading experience, as it adds tremendously to the time taken to post and cuts into the time I have to work on this. As is, this takes about 30 minutes to format, even with the text being completely formatted before hand; when it gets pasted into the editor it turns into an unrecognizable blob of letters which I have to clean up. :rolleyes:

As of this moment, I have completed the literal translation of the entire book (with the generous help of this forum!! ;) ), added the grammatical notes and definitions, and formatted with colours, italics, bullets... to makes the whole thing beautiful and comfortable to read.

There is only a cut and paste job of the figurative translations of chapters 5 - 24, and thankfully, this is a rather non demanding task, but it is very time consuming one. It will likely be done with a month or earlier.

Expect mistakes here and there as I am a self-taught learner of about one year. I welcome comments and suggestions.

Black is the original latin
Blue is the literal translation
Green is the figurative translation
Brown is grammar and definitions



CAPVT I.III

  1. Hīs rēbus adductī et auctōritāte Orgetorīgis permōtī, cōnstituērunt ea quæ ad proficīscendum pertinērent comparāre, iūmentōrum et carrōrum quam maximum numerum cœmere, sēmentēs quam maximās facere ut in itinere cōpia frūmentī suppeteret, cum proximīs cīvitātibus pācem et amīcitiam cōnfirmāre.
  2. Ad eās rēs cōnficiendās biennium sibi satis esse dūxērunt: in tertium annum profectiōnem lēge cōnfirmant.
  3. Ad eās rēs cōnficiendās Orgetorīx dēligitur.
  4. Is sibi lēgātiōnem ad cīvitātēs suscipit.
  5. In eō itinere persuādet Casticō Catamantalœdis fīliō Sēquanō, cuius pater rēgnum in Sēquanīs multōs annōs obtinuerat et ā senātū populī Rōmānī amīcus appellātus erat, ut rēgnum in cīvitāte suā occupāret quod pater ante habuerit; itemque Dumnorīgī Æduō frātrī Dīviciācī, quī eō tempore prīncipātum in cīvitāte obtinēbat ac maximē plēbī acceptus erat, ut idem cōnārētur persuādet, eīque fīliam suam in mātrimōnium dat.
  6. Perfacile factū esse illīs probat cōnāta perficere, proptereā quod ipse suæ cīvitātis imperium obtentūrus esset: nōn esse dubium quīn tōtīus Galliæ plūrimum Helvētiī possent; sē suīs cōpiīs suōque exercitū illīs rēgna conciliātūrum cōnfirmat.
  7. Hāc ōrātiōne adductī inter sē fidem et iūs iūrandum dant, et rēgnō occupātō per trēs potentissimōs ac firmissimōs populōs tōtīus Galliæ sēsē potīrī posse spērant.
I.III INTERPRETATIO
Hīs rēbus adductī et auctōritāte Orgetorīgis permōtī¹ cōnstituērunt²
(those men) (the Helvetii), led by these things and moved deeply¹ by the influence of Orgetorix, made a resolution²
induced by these considerations, and influenced by the authority of Orgetorix, they determined² to provide

¹ppp. permoveō, -mōvī, -mōtus, -ēre (per + moveō) to move deeply, rouse, excite, agitate, influence, lead, induce, prevail on
²cōnstituō, -uī, -ūtus, -ere (com- + statuo), to put, place, set, station; With the access. idea of resolving, to determine to do something, to take a resolution, to resolve, decide, determine

ea
those things
such things

quæ ad proficīscendum¹ ² pertinērent³
(those things) which extend³ for these things to be set forward²
the things which pertain³ to setting out¹ ²

¹Accusative after ad to express Purpose: ad deliberandum, for consideration (I. 7); Ad eas res conficiendas. To complete these preparations, lit. for these things to be accomplished (1. 3)
²proficīscor, -fectus, -ī, dep; to set forward, set out, start, go, march, depart; To set out, begin, commence, start
³pertineō, -uī, —, -ēre (per + teneo); to stretch out, reach, extend; To belong, relate, pertain, be pertinent, concern, refer

comparāre¹ ²
to prepare²
to prepare²

¹subject object of cōnstituērunt
²comparō, -āvī, -ātus, -āre (com + parō); to prepare, make ready, set in order, furnish, provide

iūmentōrum et carrōrum quam maximum² numerum cœmere¹ ³
to buy up³ as great a number as possible² of beasts of burden and wagons
to purchase³ as great a number as possible of beasts of burden and wagons

¹subject object of cōnstituērunt
²The highest possible degree is expressed by quam with the Superlative, as quam maximum numerum, as great a number as possible, the greatest possible number (T. 8); quam celerrime potuit, as quickly as possible (1. 37); quam primum, as soon as possible (1. 40)
³coëmō, -ēmī, -ēmptus, -ere (com- + emo), to purchase, buy up, forestall

sēmentēs² quam maximās facere¹
to do (their) sowings as large as possible
to make their sowings as large as possible

¹subject object of cōnstituērunt
²sēmentis, -is, f; semen, a seeding, sowing

ut in itinere cōpia² frūmentī suppeteret¹
in order that in the journey, an ample supply² of corn would might be present¹
so that on their march plenty² of corn might be in store¹

¹suppetō, -īvī, -ītus, -ere (sub + peto); to be at hand, be in store, be present, be available
²cōpia, -æ, f (com- + ops); an abundance, ample supply, plenty

cum proximīs cīvitātibus pācem et amīcitiam cōnfirmāre²
(and)¹ to strengthen² (relations) of peace and friendship with the nearest states
and¹ to strenghten² peace and friendship with the neighboring states

¹When more than two words stand in the same relation, the Copulative Conjunction may be expressed with all, or omitted with all, or the last two words may be joined by -que; in each case English usage generally prefers “and" between the last two words. Thus, Rauracis et Tulingis et Latobrigis, the Rauraci, Tulingi, and Latobrigi (1. 5); lingua, institutis, legibus, in respect to language, institutions, and laws (1.1); pueri, senes mulieresque, children, old men, and women (1. 29)
²cōnfīrmō, -āvī, -ātus, -āre (cōn + fīrmō); to make firm, make strong, establish, strengthen; To confirm, strengthen (in purpose or fidelity)


2. Ad eās rēs cōnficiendās biennium sibi satis esse
that a period of two years was sufficient for them towards completing these things
that a term of two years would be sufficient for them to execute their designs

dūxērunt
they said
they reckoned

in tertium annum profectiōnem lēge cōnfirmant
they fixed by law (their) departure for the third year
they fix by decree their departure for the third year


3. Ad eās rēs cōnficiendās Orgetorīx dēligitur¹
Orgatorix was chosen¹ for these things going to be completed
Orgetorix is chosen¹ to complete these arrangements

¹dēligō, -lēgī, -lēctus, -ere (de + lego); to choose, pick out, select, elect, designate, single out


4. Is sibi lēgātiōnem ad cīvitātēs suscipit¹
he took up¹ for himself the office of ambassador to the states
he took upon¹ himself the office of embassador to the states

¹suscipiō, -cēpī, -ceptus, -ere (sub + capio), to take, catch, take up, lift up, receive; Fig, to undertake, assume, begin, incur, enter upon


5. In eō itinere persuādet¹ Casticō Catamantalœdis fīliō Sēquanō
on this journey, he persuaded Casticus, the son of Catamantaledes
on this journey he persuades Casticus, the son of Catamantaledes

cuius pater rēgnum in Sēquanīs multōs annōs obtinuerat¹
of whose father had held¹ the chief authority among the Sequani for many years
one of the Sequani, whose father had possessed¹ the sovereignty among the people for many years

¹obtineō, -tinuī, -tentus, -ēre (ob + teneo) to hold fast, have, occupy, possess, preserve, keep, maintain

et ā senātū populī Rōmānī amīcus appellātus erat¹
and he had been called¹ "friend" by the senate of the Roman people
and had been called¹ "friend" by the senate of the Roman people

¹appellō, -āvī, -ātus, -āre; to address, speak to, apply to, accost

ut rēgnum² in cīvitāte suā occupāret¹
to take into kingship² the sovereignty in his own state
to seize¹ the sovereignty² in his own state

¹occupō, -āvī, -ātus, -āre (ob + CAP-); to take into possession, seize, occupy, master, win; Fig., to seize, take possession of, fill, invade, overspread, engross
²rēgnum, -ī, n; kingly government, royal authority, kingship, royalty; Dominion, sovereignty, rule, authority, supreme power

quod pater ante habuerit
which his father had held before him
which his father had held before him

itemque¹ Dumnorīgī Æduō frātrī Dīviciācī
and he, likewise¹ // to Dumnorix, an Æduan, the brother of Divitiacus
and he likewise¹ // Dumnorix, an Aeduan, the brother of Divitiacus

¹item adv; likewise, besides, also, further, moreover, too, as well

quī eō tempore prīncipātum¹ in cīvitāte obtinēbat
(that man) who, at that time, was occupying the chief part in the state (the Æduan state)
who at that time possessed the chief command¹ in the state

¹prīncipātus, -ūs, m; a beginning, origin; The first place, pre-eminence, chief part, supremacy, leadership; The chief command, post of commander-in-chief

ac maximē plēbī² acceptus erat¹
and was exceedingly accepted¹ to the common people²
and was exceedingly beloved by the plebeians²

¹ppp. accipiō, -cēpī, -ceptus, -ere (ad + capio); to take without effort, receive, get, accept; Of voluntary taking, to take, accept, take into possession, receive acceptus, -a, -um, adj.; welcome, agreeable, acceptable (syn. gratus.) Acceptus is related to gratus, as the effect to the cause; he who is gratus, i.e. dear, is on that account acceptus, welcome, acceptable
²plēbs, plēbis; the common people, commons, commonalty, plebeians, folk

ut idem cōnārētur¹
to attempt¹ the same thing
to attempt¹ the same

¹cōnor, -ātus, -ārī; to undertake, endeavor, attempt, try, venture, seek, aim, make an effort, begin, make trial of

persuādet
persuaded
persuades

eīque fīliam suam in mātrimōnium dat
and he had given to him his own daughter into matramony
and gives him his daughter in marriage


6. Perfacile factū¹ esse
is easy in doing¹
was a thing very easy to do¹

¹to do; “in doing” abl. sg. supine (ppp. stem + ū) is an abl. of respect qualifying the adj. perfacile, “very easy”

illīs probat¹
he (Orgatorix) makes good¹ to those men
he proves¹ to them

¹probō, -āvī, -ātus, -āre; to make good, esteem good, approve, esteem, commend; To make credible, show, prove, demonstrate

cōnāta¹ perficere
that to accomplish (their) attempts¹
that to accomplish their undertakings¹

¹cōnāta, -ōrum, n; an undertaking, attempt, venture, hazard, plan

proptereā quod ipse suæ¹ cīvitātis imperium obtentūrus esset
on this account because he himself (Orgatorix) would obtain would be about to obtain command of his own state
because he himself would obtain the government of his own state

nōn esse dubium
that there was no doubt
that there was no doubt

quīn tōtīus Galliæ plūrimum¹ Helvētiī possent
that the Helvetians were able the most¹ of the whole of Gaul
that the Helvetii were the most¹ powerful of the whole of Gaul

¹plūrimus, adj. sup; most, very much, very many; neuter. acc. used substantively

sē suīs cōpiīs suōque exercitū² illīs rēgna conciliātūrum [esse]¹
that he, with his own forces and his own army², would win over¹ the kingahip for those (men)
that he will, with his own forces and his own army² win over¹ the sovereignty for them

¹conciliō, -āvī, -ātus, -āre; to bring together, unite, reconcile, make friendly, win over, conciliate
²exercitus, -ūs; a disciplined body of men, army

cōnfirmat
he (Orgatorix) gives assurance¹ (to them)
he assures them


7. Hāc ōrātiōne¹ adductī inter¹ sē fidem et iūs iūrandum dant
led in by this discourse¹, they give a pledge and sworn oath between themselves
incited by this speech¹, they give a pledge and oath to one another²

¹ōrātiō, -ōnis, f; a speaking, speech, discourse, language, faculty of speech, use of language; A set speech, harangue, discourse, oration
²The Reciprocal Relation is expressed by inter se (lit. among themselves), which must be translated in accordance with the requirements of English idiom; as, inter se dant, they gave (lit. give) to one another (I. 3); inter se differunt, they differ from one another (I. 1); inter se collocuti, having conferred with one another (IV. 30); cohortati inter se, urging one another on (IV. 25); inter se contenderent, they strove together (1.31); inter se, referring to two persons, with each other (V. 44)

et
and
and

rēgnō occupātō
in having seized the supreme power
when they have seized the sovereignty

per² trēs potentissimōs ac firmissimōs populōs tōtīus Galliæ sēsē potīrī¹ posse
that they, through² the three most powerful and the most firmly established nations, would able to obtain of the whole of Gaul
they will, by means of² the three most powerful and valiant nations, be enabled to obtain¹ possession of the whole of Gaul

¹Cæsar uses potior also with the Genitive; as, totius Galliæ potiri, to become masters of the whole (of) Gaul (1.3)
²per præp. with acc.; In space, through, across, through the midst of, from side to side of, traversing; Of agency, through, by, by the hands of, by the agency of

spērant
they hoped
hope that
 
 

Dantius

Homo Sapiens

  • Civis Illustris

Location:
in orbe lacteo
Hīs rēbus adductī et auctōritāte Orgetorīgis permōtī¹ cōnstituērunt²
those men (the Helvetii), led by these things and moved deeply¹ by the influence of Orgetorix, made a resolution²
induced by these considerations, and influenced by the authority of Orgetorixthey determined² to provide

¹ppp. permoveō, -mōvī, -mōtus, -ēre (per + moveō) to move deeply, rouse, excite, agitate, influence, lead, induce, prevail on
²cōnstituō, -uī, -ūtus, -ere (com- + statuo), to put, place, set, station; With the access. idea of resolving, to determine to do something, to take a resolution, to resolve, decide, determine

ea
those things
such things

comparāre¹ ²
to prepare²
to prepare²

¹subject of cōnstituērunt
²comparō, -āvī, -ātus, -āre (com + parō); to prepare, make ready, set in order, furnish, provide

Actually, it's the object. The subject is "The Helvetii", as the sentence goes "They (the Helvetii) made a resolution".
 

bedtime

Active Member

Actually, it's the object. The subject is "The Helvetii", as the sentence goes "They (the Helvetii) made a resolution".
Thank you. It seems that I confuse subject and object verbs.


Just so you all know, I've taken a little break from writing the literal and figurative translations as I had been spending about four hours or more a day for the past two months, and I'm a trifle worn out, but the first book is all literally and figuratively translated and only requires only some additional dictionary definitions and formatting details for the second half of the book.

Presently, I have been reading book two and enjoying the break. :)
 
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