How to use this and that? I mean grammatically..
Opus est and Necesse est..
- Thread starter Hermes Trismegistus
- Start date
Here's a list of the most usual constructions.
Opus est may be used:
- With a noun in the ablative denoting a thing needed, and the person who needs it, if mentioned, in the dative.
E.g. Auro opus est = There is a need for gold, one needs gold (we need, you need, or anyone depending on context).
Auro nobis opus est = There is for us a need for gold = We need gold.
- With an infinitive or accusative and infinitive clause.
E.g. Opus est ire = It's necessary to go, one needs to go (or "we must go" or whatever person implied in the context).
Opus est me ire = It's necessary for me to go, it's necessary that I should go, I need to go.
- With ut or ne + subjunctive, or with the subjunctive alone. The meaning of this is the same as with an acc.-inf. clause.
Opus est ut edam/opus est edam = It's necessary that I should eat, I need to eat.
Opus est ne veniat = It's necessary that he should not come, he must not come, one (I, we, whatever makes sense in a given context) needs him not to come.
- With the ablative of a past participle, denoting that one needs something done.
E.g. properato opus est = There is a need for it having been hurried, i.e. one needs to hurry.
Here too you can add the dative of the person who needs it.
- With the thing needed being a subject noun (this is somewhat rarer):
E.g. Naves opus sunt = Ships are needed, one needs ships.
Here too, add a dative if needed.
Necesse est may be used:
- With an infinitive and, optionally, a dative:
E.g. Hoc facere (nobis) necesse est = It is necessary/inevitable (for us) to do this, we must/are forced to do this.
- With an accusative and infinitive clause:
E.g. Necesse est omnes mori = It is necessary/inevitable for all to die, all must die.
- With an ut or ne clause or with the subjunctive alone (same meaning as with an acc.-inf. clause):
- Necesse est (ut) omnes moriamur = It is necessary/inevitable that we should all die, we must all die.
With both opus est and necesse est, a necessary "thing" (action, event; i.e. what would be an infinitive, acc.-inf. or subjunctive, etc. if it were expressed in full) may be represented by a neuter pronoun.
E.g. Quod opus erit faciam = I will do what is needed.
Id erat necesse = That was necessary/inevitable.
Naturally, opus est or necesse est can also stand on its own, with the subject implied.
E.g. Librum emendavi, opus enim erat = I corrected the book, for it was needed.
Opus est may be used:
- With a noun in the ablative denoting a thing needed, and the person who needs it, if mentioned, in the dative.
E.g. Auro opus est = There is a need for gold, one needs gold (we need, you need, or anyone depending on context).
Auro nobis opus est = There is for us a need for gold = We need gold.
- With an infinitive or accusative and infinitive clause.
E.g. Opus est ire = It's necessary to go, one needs to go (or "we must go" or whatever person implied in the context).
Opus est me ire = It's necessary for me to go, it's necessary that I should go, I need to go.
- With ut or ne + subjunctive, or with the subjunctive alone. The meaning of this is the same as with an acc.-inf. clause.
Opus est ut edam/opus est edam = It's necessary that I should eat, I need to eat.
Opus est ne veniat = It's necessary that he should not come, he must not come, one (I, we, whatever makes sense in a given context) needs him not to come.
- With the ablative of a past participle, denoting that one needs something done.
E.g. properato opus est = There is a need for it having been hurried, i.e. one needs to hurry.
Here too you can add the dative of the person who needs it.
- With the thing needed being a subject noun (this is somewhat rarer):
E.g. Naves opus sunt = Ships are needed, one needs ships.
Here too, add a dative if needed.
Necesse est may be used:
- With an infinitive and, optionally, a dative:
E.g. Hoc facere (nobis) necesse est = It is necessary/inevitable (for us) to do this, we must/are forced to do this.
- With an accusative and infinitive clause:
E.g. Necesse est omnes mori = It is necessary/inevitable for all to die, all must die.
- With an ut or ne clause or with the subjunctive alone (same meaning as with an acc.-inf. clause):
- Necesse est (ut) omnes moriamur = It is necessary/inevitable that we should all die, we must all die.
With both opus est and necesse est, a necessary "thing" (action, event; i.e. what would be an infinitive, acc.-inf. or subjunctive, etc. if it were expressed in full) may be represented by a neuter pronoun.
E.g. Quod opus erit faciam = I will do what is needed.
Id erat necesse = That was necessary/inevitable.
Naturally, opus est or necesse est can also stand on its own, with the subject implied.
E.g. Librum emendavi, opus enim erat = I corrected the book, for it was needed.
Gratias multas tibi ago, carissma!
what about "feriae mihi opus sunt?" or "feriae mihi opus est?" which one?"
If you mean feriae as nominative plural, the first one could occur, but it's a rare construction. Usually, the thing needed is put in the ablative: feriis mihi opus est.
gratias tibi ago, O, domina sapientiae.
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